Native American Sound Instruments Essay -- essays research papers

"Native American Sound Instruments" Through my own personal experiences and teachings from Native Americans, that have offered to enlighten me, I've gathered that there is a sacred nature rich in spirit and soul to them. The Native American lives religion as a way of life. Children of the tribe grow up in this world of spirituality and learn from example that religion can come as easily as taking a breath every day. This is no attempt to lead into the topic of religion, yet it needs to be known that the Native American sound instruments are used as a part of that religion or spirituality. There are many sound instruments used by Native Americans, but they vary accordingly from tribe to tribe. The Native American sound instruments are considered a way to almost imitate the processes of nature to attain their level of spirituality during ceremonies as well as every day life. The drum and the flute are just a few of the sound instruments used by Native Americans, yet the drum stands out as of major importance. The drum provides a center for the tribe because it tends to represent a symbolic importance. Black Elk of the Oglala tribe was once quoted as explaining that symbolic importance as, "a drum's round form represents the universe. The steady strong beat of the drum is the pulse, the heart, throbbing at the center of the universe. As the voice of Wakan Tanka, it stirs and helps us to understand the mystery and power of things." (The Spirit World, page 149) Wakan Tanka is the name given to the Great Mystery, also known as the Big Holy or the Great Spirit, and this Wakan Tanka is considered as the one ruling power known as "Good." The First Nations consider, no, they believe that every thing has a soul or a life force and that they are also dependent on each other. The drum Rodriguez 2 beats as if it is representing a heartbeat, this heartbeat could signify our beginning as if being safe inside a mother's womb. The drum is also believed to posses a "medicine" quality. A drum can be made of many types of wood as well as many types of animal skin, yet there is only preference because of each individual tribe or person making the drum. Drums can be made in a various array of sizes, again depending on preference. Sizes can range from small enough for an individual to large enough for twelve people. The average size is... ...l living things and the Native American sound instruments may be a key to reaching the center of the spiritual universe. Works Consulted DeBelius, Maggie, "The Spirit World." The American Indians Series, ED. Henry Woodhead, Time-Life Books, 1993. Edmonds, Margot. and Clark, Ella. "Voices of the Winds:Native American Legends". New York: Facts on File, 1989. Erdoes, Richard. and Ortiz, Alfonso. "American Indian Myths and Legends", New York: Pantheon, 1984. Frances Densmore. " The Study of Indian Music", Smithsonian Report, 1941, Facsimile Reproduction, The Shorey Bookstore, Seattle, WA, 1996. R. Carlos Nakai. and James Demars. " The Art of the Native American Flute", Canyon Records Productions, Phoenix, Arizona. Richard W. Payne, M.D. "The Plains Flute",The Flutists Quarterly, 1988, Vol. 13, no.4, The National Flute Association, Ind. Ann Arbor MI. Richard W. Payne, M.D. "The Native American Plains Flutes", Toubat Trails Publishing Co. Oklahoma City Publishing Co., 1999. William K. Powers. "The Art of Courtship Among the 0glala", American Indian Art, Spring, 1980, Vol. 5, No.2, PP 40-47.

Developmental Writing Stages

Introduction The learning process of reading, writing and speaking for children are taught at home and at school. While reading often begins with recognizing the letters of the alphabet and matching appropriate letters to the sounds, the writing process is a method of connecting words to print. When a child starts to hold a crayon, his process of learning to write commences. As writing is a developmental process that children go through at their own pace each writing stage is an important experience that offers children the time to explore and experiment with their own writing.These stages overlap as children progress and reach the writing stages at different ages. Developmental Stages of Writing Based on the works of Richard Gentry and â€Å"The Conventions of Writing Developmental Scale†, there are eight stages of writing development namely: scribbling, letter-like symbols, strings of letters, beginning sounds emerge, consonant represent words, initial, middle and final soun ds, transitional phases and standard spelling (Fox Chapel Area School District, 2008; Hudon, 2007). At the scribbling stage, the child’s markings are large, circular, random, resembles drawing and includes exploratory movements (ibid.). Marks are often light colored and are the result of banging the drawing tool on paper, dragging, or sweeping as the child is just starting to get acquainted with the tool (Bailer, 2003). As the child draws, his or her attention may be elsewhere. At the letter-like symbol stage, spacing is rarely present and the child begins to produce letter-like forms that show some similarity to the letters that are randomly placed and interspersed with numbers (Fox Chapel Area School District, 2008; Hudon, 2007).The children can also discuss their own drawings or writings (Crosby & Ongie, (n. d). Children write some legible letters in capital letters that do not have appropriate matching of letter and sound at the string of letter phase (Meek & Vandermeer, 2000). The writings do not have spacing and the first letters to appear in their writing are usually found in their names. Although unrecognizable, children may attempt to read their message (McCardle, 2008)At the beginning sounds emerge stage, children begin to see the difference between a letter and a word, but they do not use spacing between words (Fox Chapel Area School District, 2008; Hudon, 2007). Their message makes sense and it matches the picture, especially when they personally choose the topic (ibid. ). The children use some letters to match sounds and use a beginning letter to represent the whole word (McCardle, 2008). At this stage, children tend to reverse letters and words as they explore the physical properties of print (Crosby & Ongie, (n.d). The consonants represent words stage shows that children begin to leave spaces between their words, may often mix upper and lowercase letters in their writing and write sentences that tell ideas (Fox Chapel Area School District , 2008; Hudon, 2007). At this stage, they write words with beginning and ending sounds and spell some high frequency words correctly (McCardle, 2008). This is also known as the semiphonetic stage where children write with appropriate letter and sound matching and with spacing between words (Meek & Vandermeer, 2000).Children who are at the initial, middle and final sounds phase may spell correctly some sight words, siblings' names, and environmental print but other words are spelled the way they sound (Fox Chapel Area School District, 2008; Hudon, 2007). This is also the phonetic stage whereby children write with appropriate letter and sound matching for all audible phonemes in each word (Meek & Vandermeer, 2000). A readable, interspersed with words writings that follows the standard form and letter patterns are at the transitional phase (Fox Chapel Area School District, 2008; Hudon, 2007).This writing also approaches conventional spelling (ibid. ). Children at this stage are writing words the way they sound, leave spaces between words, use punctuation marks, spell many high frequency words correctly and write one of more sentences (McCardle, 2008). Finally, at the standard spelling phase, children can spell most words correctly and are developing an understanding of root words, compound words, contractions and spelling patterns (Fox Chapel Area School District, 2008; Hudon, 2007; Meek & Vandermeer, 2000).This is also known as the conventional stage of writing. Conclusion All children go through the developmental stages of writing. Although some may be more advanced than the other, all children will go through the stages at different ages as each child is unique. It is important to prepare the young children’s mind and body by incorporating some home and school activities that will help them explore the printed form of language. References Bailer, K. (2003). Developmental Stages of Scribbling. Great Barrington, MA Retrieved April 23, 2008 from http://k-play.com/pdf/The%20Developmental%20Sta.pdf. Crosby, J. & Ongie, A. (n.d.). Early Writing Experiences: A Parent’s Guide to Early Writing Experiences for Preschoolers. East Tennessee State University Child Study Center. Retrieved April 23, 2008 from http://sig.cls.utk.edu/Products/SIG_Early_Writing_Experiences_Flyer.pdf. Fox Chapel Area School District (2008). The Developmental Stages of Writing. Retrieved April 23, 2008 from http://www.fcasd.edu/j_district/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=773&Itemid=98 Hudon, L. (2007). Knowing Your Child as a Writer. Yarbrough Elementary School. Auburn, AL. Retrieved April 23, 2008 from http://www.auburnschools.org/yarbrough/lphudon/Reading%20Coach/knowingyourwriter.htm McCardle, L. (2008). Early Writing Development. Retrieved April 23, 2008 from http://www.lindaslearninglinks.com/earlywrtgdev.html Meek, N. and Vandermeer, M. (2000). Process Writing. Rockets Fern Bluff Elementary, Round Rock ISD. Retrieved April 23, 2008 from http://teacherweb.com/TX/BlacklandPrairieElementary/MrsTamaraBrinkley/ProcessWriting.ppt.   

The Effects Of Child Abuse On A Child s Brain Structure

When one hears the words childhood trauma they instantly assume that a child is getting a physical beating, either that the child is locked in a room or is tied up. However, the truth is that there is so many different other types of child abuse that can lead to child trauma. Some of the types of abuse can be parental neglect; in which, a parent can either ignore the child completely or in that the child feels that their parent loves another child more than them. Other types of child abuse that can lead to trauma can be the death of a relative, parents’ divorce, the child being bullied, and any outside environment struggles, such as 9/11 and war. Child hood trauma has been proven to have a major impact on a child’s brain structure. These impacts have consequences that do not only interact with the child from a young age, but it can continue onto their adult life. A child, who has dealt with a lot of stressful events or was a victim of abuse, is affected with emotional and psychological trauma. Those events that are affecting the child negatively can occur either once, a couple time a week, or it can occur every day of the person’s life if something is not done to stop the abuse. A child who has experienced abuse or a traumatic event can began to show symptoms such as shock, anger, anxiety, etc. These symptoms of abuse can be easily turned into a child having a long term trauma. Even though, the child is affected right then in there, when they were abuses, there are also manyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury ( Tbi )805 Words   |  4 Pages Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), often called concussions, are very common occurrences in children. These are bruises in the brain which occur when an impact to the head causes the brain to shake back and forth against the skull. Children, including preschoolers, toddlers, and even infants, often bruise or bump their heads from variety of methods, including motor vehicle or bicycle accidents, falls from heights (beds, stairs, etc.), and sport related impacts (Duhaime et al., 1992). Occasionally, theseRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child abuse takes many different forms. Including physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect of a children by parents, guardians, or others responsible for a child s welfare. Regardless of the type of abuse, the child’s devolvement is greatly impacted. The child’s risk for emotional, behavioral, academic, social, and physical problems in life increase. According to the Child Maltreatment Report by the Children’s Bureau (1999) the most common form of child abuse in the United States isRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children1373 Words   |  6 Pagesdepending on the exposure frequency and intensity, may impair the normal development of memory in children. This paper will evaluate the role of child maltreatment (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, and neglect) in the changes of memory function. We will first explore maltreatment’s effect on the physiological changes that occur in the primary brain structures that are involved in the developme nt and functions of memory. Next, we will examine the differences in memory among maltreated and non-maltreatedRead MoreThe Effects Of Addiction On Adolescent Development1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Addiction on Adolescent Development Adolescence is a time where adolescents grow and mature at a rapid rate. It is also a time where adolescents are more vulnerable to taking risks, such as using and becoming addicted to illegal substances, due to raging hormones. Whether or not an adolescent chooses to engage in drug use and abuse depends on their home environment and those they choose to associate themselves with. Adolescents are confronted with an enormous amount of pressure toRead MoreChildren Suffer Under The Pressures Of Poverty1617 Words   |  7 Pagesnot cause Child Abuse or neglect but it does contribute or exasperates an already dire situation. The effects of poverty rains down on our society like a disease with no plausible cure. Around the world there is hunger, deplorable housing, lack of work, inadequate medical care and more. The faces of neglect are seen everywhere. The results of growing up in poverty can be seen by turning on our televisions and viewing the news. Constant reports of murder, robbery, suicide, and child abuse are evidenceRead MoreFamily Systems Essays1286 Words   |  6 Pagesoperates. However, a family’s structure does not determine whether it is a healthy family system or not. Today, families consist of single parents, stepparents, divorced parents, remarried parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles. They are all able to contribute to a healthy functioning family system by meeting each family member’s needs and encouraging positive communication (Jamiolkowski, 2008). Unhealthy family systems have negative and possibly long-term effects on a child, both physically and emotionall yRead MoreHow Does Poverty Affect Education?1036 Words   |  5 PagesBoisvert Taylor Boisvert Mrs. Spoor English 11 April 17, 2017 Poverty Research Paper Research Question: How does poverty affect Education? A child who is raised in a stressful and poverty stricken household environment is more likely to channel their stress into disruptive behavior at school and will be less likely to develop a healthy social and academic life (Bradley and Corwyn, 2002). Many say that laziness is a factor affecting education and success rate, however, it is a proven fact that gettingRead MoreEffects Of Drug Addiction On Children1450 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Drug Addiction Drug addiction is caused when chemicals from drugs are released into the brain and cause one to become dependant on a drug or substance, which ultimately becomes a new way of life. Drug addiction is bad because it causes negative health effects such as brain damage, emotional stress, and could possibly cause one to overdose resulting in death. In addition, drug consumption is bad for one’s social life because it is a way of fitting in and giving into peer pressure. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Effects Of A Family System During Development945 Words   |  4 PagesThe positive effects of a family system during development versus the adverse effects of not having a family system during development. Mary Bowen developed the Family Systems Theory, which is based on the premise that inter-and intra-relational patterns are transmitted from one generation to the next (Martin, 2014). Bowen believes that the goal of achieving positive well-being is to find the balance between achieving personal autonomy and individuation while maintaining appropriate closeness withRead MoreEffect of Child Abuse in Our Society1405 Words   |  6 Pages EFFECT OF CHILD ABUSE IN OUR SOCIETY INTRODUCTION Child abuse is the physical, sexual, emotional abandonment and/or maltreatment of a child. Child abuse is a latent function of some families that is not intended but happens anyway. Child abuse is often seen differently, depending on various cultures, societies, and groups. We as a society cannot really understand the effect of â€Å"Child Abuse in Our Society† unless we have the grasp knowledge of what child abuse actually is. This

Scientific literacy Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Therefore, people should embrace the use of camel milk to come up with solutions to health problems. This paper seeks to discuss the health benefits of camel milk in relation to the various diseases whose prevention involves the use of camel milk. The discussion will also cover the, economic benefits of the milk to humans. For a long time, people prefer the cow milk to camel milk. However, research shows that camel milk is vital in prevention of diseases such as Autism in children and diabetes. Camels possess high immune systems that reflect to their. Therefore their milk compare closely to that of human. The milk contains ten times more iron and three times vitamin C. This feature makes the milk an important medicinal value that can cure the diseases that I highlighted earlier in the discussion. Low fat camel milk contains minerals and vitamins that prevent the human immune systems against diseases. The strong immune system that the camel milk constitutes helps in fighting diseases . Allegedly, the small size of the antibodies found in camel milk can easily target and penetrate foreign disease-causing organisms, also known as antigens, and destroy them using the immune system. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific literacy or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now People suffering from autoimmune system disorder, such as multiple sclerosis, have immune systems that attack their own body tissues. Traditionally, treatments for autoimmune disorders are considered to suppress the immune system. However, researchers suggest that camel milk benefits these disorders by boosting the immune system. According to a research conducted about the camel milk in India, they state that an observations of over five-year period shows that camel milk can control or even heal autoimmune disorders, but there is no scientific evidence to prove the competence of camel milk in the treatment of autoimmune diseases (Bikaner Diabetes Care Research Center, pgs. 12-15). It also has insulin that is important in the treatment of diabetics (Albert, pgs. 17). According to research, each liter of camel milk contains a quart of insulin, making it a potential treatment option for diabetics. The doctors conducting research in this field suggest that patients suffering from diabetes should consume camel milk. According to a study on the impact of camel milk on diabetic patients by a research firm in India, they observed the effects of camel milk on diabetes. Researchers ascertained that consuming camel milk considerably reduced insulin doses required to maintain long-term blood sugar levels control.

Critically Examine the Effects of the Spanish Colonization...

Critically examine the effects of the Spanish Colonization on the indigenous population in Trinidad. | | | Introduction Although there were mass developments in the demographics of Trinidad by the Europeans, this also contributed to several major factors that caused dreadful changes in the lives and well-being of the indigenous population, which were the Amerindians, due to Spanish colonization. The history of Trinidad and Tobago began with the arrival of the indigenous people. They were the first people to inhabit the islands many centuries ago (Brereton 1). These tribes have travelled from South America where they settled in various parts of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. The Amerindians settled in islands such as Bahamas, Cuba†¦show more content†¦Ways in which the Spanish affected the indigenous people The encomiendas system though as a means of developing the island, led to the enslavement of the Amerindian population. The once freed Amerindian population had many customs one of which was the Cunuco system. The Amerindians used this system for agricultural purposes. They worked limited hours early in the morning on the plantation and planted various crops rotationally on the land. Apart from planting, they had the freedom to go into the forested areas and hunt wild animals as well as fish in the open sea (Brereton 1). By having a variety of ground provision, meat from hunting and a combination of fruits and vegetable, the Amerindians had a balanced diet of proteins, starch and carbohydrates. These nutrition, allowed the Amerindians to be healthier and people of great strength, which contributed to longer lives (Williams 2). However, when the Spaniard arrived they enslaved the Amerindians under the encomiendas system, where many Amerindians died because of the harsh treatment they received under this system. The encomiendas killed many Arawaks through overwork and starvation (Greenwood and Hamber 40).Show MoreRelatedThe Age of Discovery - Impact on Philippine Culture and Society3786 Words   |  16 Pageswith native chief Lapu-Iapu and his men. According to Levesque. Pigafettas account descn1les the balI1e as taking place on 21 April 152I. Magellan had ordered the burning of the native villagers houses to scare them. Instead. they attacked the Spanish invaders furiously with spears and stones. They followed us shooting their poisoned arrows four or five times. somuch sothattbey.recognizingthecaptain (Magellan). aimed at him so much that twice they shot arrows right by his head. Magellan was woundedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact Th is Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesprevious epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and international violence within human populations and the ravages visited upon animals and the natural world by humans vastly exceeded that of any previous era in history. In a century where human communities globally and individuals locally had the potential to be much more intensely connected

Creepy Craig Free Essays

Creepy Craig It was almost like lying in a boiling rubber blowup pool. The air was thick and Zara couldn’t manage to fall asleep. The strange noises from across the hall filled the silence of her apartment again. We will write a custom essay sample on Creepy Craig or any similar topic only for you Order Now Zara always felt suspicious of the man who lived there, because when she waited for the lift to go to the floor of her unit, he would stand there at least four times a week and watch her as the doors closed. The creepy thing about that was, when the lift reached the sixth floor, he would be there as she stepped out. She always thought of him as her own personal stalker. Creepy Craig. Maybe he was harmless? Who cares! Zara wanted out. The last time she got out of the lift at her own floor, Creepy Craig was standing there leering at her offering ANZAC cookies. Enough was enough. She needed to get out of his apartment now. Even Ben, her boyfriend thought the guy was a creep. He wanted to sort him out but Zara didn’t want him to do that. Right now, she wished Ben was at home instead of playing Rugby with the local club in Southport. She reached for her mobile phone and called him. Zara was pleased to hear that Ben was on his way home. Even better, he had already been searching and had found a nice new apartment. He wanted her to see the next day. Their new place was amazing, right on the Broadwater overlooking water which glistened like diamonds in the sunlight as the squeals of the kids with their families echoed into the distance. Having a new unit was great. Just what Zara and Ben wanted. The relief of not worrying about Creepy Craig any more made her feel relaxed for the first time in months. Sitting on the balcony with the blistering Australian twelve o’clock sun hovering above, Zara and Ben relaxed with a refreshing icy cold glass of beer. They talked about their plans for tomorrow afternoon’s family picnic at the Broadwater and how Australia Day this year was going to be amazing. Ben would make the waterslide for the kids; aunty Sue would take the name out of the hat to see who was going to cook the barbeque this year. Zara and Ben both hoped it wasn’t going to be Gazza again. Last time he cooked he burnt all the sausages and set fire to his own shirt. Zara thought he had one too many beers that day. Aside from the disaster last year, they were both getting excited. As the afternoon wore on and the heat of the sun dissipated, Zara and Ben were feeling very relaxed. Out of nowhere, loud crashes resonated as if pots and pans were being hurtled across a room. From the unit above, the crash was accompanied by a girl yelling and a man swearing. Unsettled by the noise and wondering if the girl was okay, Ben left their unit and got the elevator to the eleventh floor. He followed the sound like a detective finding clues to a murder scene. Zara waited anxiously on the balcony on the floor below, worrying about what was actually happening up there and if Ben really should have gone to investigate. Everything went strangely silent. An ear-piercing scream split through the air. There, in a single second, but seeming like slow motion, a beautiful young girl glided past her balcony like a feather. Zara met her eyes and in a heartbeat she felt like she saw the girl’s whole life in a flash. She was gone. Zara froze like a statue. Ben burst through the door, demanding to know what had happened as he couldn’t get anyone to open to his knocking at the unit above. Zara couldn’t get any words out. All she could manage to do was point to the balcony repeatedly. When Ben returned, he looked pale and sick. They stood looking at each other for a few seconds; they both seemed to come out of their stupor after Ben called the police. People were out on their balconies all over the building, gazing in shock at the terrible sight below. Police and ambulance sirens blared towards their building. The afternoon ended in a haze of uniforms all over the place. Because Zara and Ben’s unit was directly below where the girl fell, they had to be questioned by the police. They told their stories and signed statements. Their fantastic day had ended in tragedy. They felt quite sick as they went to bed that night. When the brightness of the morning woke Zara and Ben, they discussed whether they should cancel their plans but both really wanted to get out of the unit and be with their family and friends. So it was decided that Ben would take the esky down to the basement, pack the car, drive up to reception and pick Zara up from there. After bed Ben phoned to say he was on the way, Zara waited at the reception. She felt uneasy about being on her own but it was only a few minutes until she would be out of the building and with Ben. She shared the lift with the manager of the building, Steve. They briefly discussed the sad and frightening event of yesterday. Steve couldn’t say very much because it was still a police matter. When the lift doors opened a t the ground floor, Zara looked up and standing in the foyer was Creepy Craig. â€Å"That’s the poor man who lost his girlfriend over the balcony yesterday. † Steve said to Zara whispering the news. How to cite Creepy Craig, Papers

Competitive Strategy of Samsung and Tesla †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy of Samsung and Tesla. Answer: Samsung Samsung was incorporated in 1938 as a South Korean international company. It operates in various industries including electronics, insurance, manufacturing and war equipment. The organisation had revenue of US$173.36 billion in 2016 financial year. The organisation sold more than 90 million smartphones and 8 million tablets in 2016. The reason for selecting Samsung is that the company has captured more than 23 percent of worlds smartphone market. The company sold a mixture of luxury and low-cost smartphone which provides them a competitive advantage over its competitors such as Apple or HTC. Competitive Strategy According to Russell (2017), Samsungs strategy is based on red ocean strategy in which a company bases their business on the weaknesses of their competitors. Unlike its biggest competitor Apple, who sells limited luxury products, Samsung flooded the market by their products. In 2015 the company had launched 56 phones and in 2016 they have launched 31 phones in the market. This allows them to target all the section of customers through their products, unlike Apple who targets just rich customers. The company also invest in other electronic products such as refrigerator, television, home security software, and web services. This allows them to create an electronic products chain which is integrated with each other. Samsung applied a vertical integration in their products, meaning they own and operate all the function of smartphone manufacturing process. Applying this strategy increases the efficiency and quality of products. Samsung keeps updating their products with new innovations which help them in selling a large number of products. The company refreshes their product chain in one or two years with the latest features. According to book of Michell (2010), this allows Samsung to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Business Model Innovation Samsung business model helps the company in creating a large number of products and targeting each section of the smartphone market. The key elements of the business model are (Khanna, Song and Lee 2011): Unlike its competitors, Samsung manufactures products for all type of customers. Their phones range from US$140 to US$800. This allows them to sell more products than its competitors. The company applies vertical integration in their product manufacturing, meaning they own and control each part of phones manufacturing process. This enhances the quality and efficiency of their products and reduced the costs. The company manufactures many electronics items such as refrigerators, television, batteries and much more. This enables the company to integrate all their products, so they work better with each other, which eventually increase Samsungs sales. CAGE framework Samsung is a global company with more than 23 percent market share in smartphone market. The company analyses and evaluate various cultural, administrative, geographic and economic factors of countries, before formulating their policies. For example, they study Indian markets and launched a line of low-cost smartphones (J and On series) because demand for low-cost smartphones is high in Indian markets. This approach helps the company enhance their market share and sustain their future growth (Chang 2011). Tesla Tesla is an American automotive organisation, founded in 2003. Tesla manufactures electric cars and devices that store energy. The company crossed a milestone by selling 200,000 cars worldwide, making them second largest electronic vehicle manufacturer. Elon Musk, the CEO of the organisation announced revenue of US$7 billion in the fiscal year of 2016. The purpose of choosing Tesla is that they have made electric car popular for the average consumer. The company has transformed the electric car industry by introducing their lithium-ion batteries. Tesla has gained a unique reputation in the market by creating a positive environment around their brand. Strategy Tesla has changed the electric car industry with their lithium-ion batteries. The company strategy is to use these batteries in order to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Tesla batteries allow the vehicle to store more charge and increase the efficiency of the vehicle. These batteries allow the vehicle to deliver high mileage, compared to other batteries in the market. The performance of Teslas electric car cannot match by its competitors. Tesla has established a unique and strong value chain environment around their brand, which motivates customers to select Tesla over its competition (Karamitsios 2013). According to Grover and Sahai (2010), Teslas strategy is to invest in software research, which allows their cars software to be better than its competitors. The organisation provides a constant update to its software and adds new capabilities which attract customers. Tesla has introduced supercharging station throughout North America which allows customers to charge their vehicle in between trips. The overall customers satisfaction rate of Tesla is above its competitors. Business Model Innovation Mangram (2012) has said that Tesla has implemented a unique business model to achieve their objective, which was to manufacture an electric car for average customers. The key elements of the model include: Tesla manufactures an expensive electric car called The Roadster (2008), to target high wealth customers. The quantity of Roadster was significantly low. They manufacture another electric car with the income of Roadster. It was called The Model S (2012) and it was targeted for wealthy customers. The company manufactured a medium quantity of this vehicle. Model S income is used by the company to manufacture a low-cost electric car called The Model 3 (intended for 2017), which will be manufactured in high quantity for average customers. Tesla has implemented a straight to consumer sales model that reduce the cost of their vehicle significantly by removing the middle firm. The company updates their business model according to market conditions. CAGE framework To achieve the target of other car manufacturers, Tesla has to extend their business in different countries. The companys reputation has already created a demand for their vehicles in various countries. Tesla is required to evaluate cultural, administrative, geographic and economic factors of different automotive market, to formulate policies of their international expansion. By capturing international electric car market, Tesla can become worlds largest electric car manufacturer and sustain their future development (Chatsko 2015). References Chang, S.J., 2011.Sony vs Samsung: The Inside Story of the Electronics Giants' Battle For Global Supremacy. John Wiley Sons. Chatsko, M., 2015. The Tesla gigafactories are coming. can global lithium supply keep up.Motley Fool. Grover, P. and Sahai, A., 2010, June. Shannon meets Tesla: Wireless information and power transfer. InInformation Theory Proceedings (ISIT), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on(pp. 2363-2367). IEEE. Karamitsios, A., 2013. Open innovation in EVs: A case study of Tesla Motors. Khanna, T., Song, J. and Lee, K., 2011. The paradox of Samsungs rise.Harvard Business Review,89(7/8), pp.142-147. Mangram, M.E., 2012. The globalization of Tesla Motors: a strategic marketing plan analysis.Journal of Strategic Marketing,20(4), pp.289-312. Michell, T., 2010.Samsung Electronics: And the Struggle For Leadership of the Electronics Industry. John Wiley Sons. Russell, J., 2017. Samsung record highest profit jump in 3 years. TechCrunch. Retrieved from https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/23/samsung-q4-2016/